Quasi-continuous-wave operations of quantum cascade lasers
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Abstract
In this paper, quasi-continuous-wave (quasi-CW) operation of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is studied. A group of strain-balanced InGaAs/InAlAs QCLs emitting around λ∼4.8μm were used in the experiment. QCLs were tested at different driving conditions (i.e. pulsed mode, CW mode and quasi-CW mode) at various temperatures. Experimental measurements show that thermal effect plays an important role in deteriorating QCL performance. This is especially true at high temperatures. At low temperature (∼100K), L-I curves with different pulse widths exhibit no significant difference. While at a higher temperature (∼200K), we observed that the longer the pulse width, the lower the roll-over power and the worse the laser performance. At 100K, the roll-over power increases as duty cycle increases until it reaches CW operation, indicating that the thermal generation difference for quasi-CW mode and CW mode is negligible. At 200K, however, a maximum roll-over power is about 50mW at duty cycle of 65% corresponding to a CW roll-over power of 40mW. It reveals that at high temperature, quasi-CW operation generates less heat and more average output power. Therefore, quasi-CW operation is obviously a favorable way to achieve high performance operations at high temperature.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Quasi-continuous-wave operations of quantum cascade lasers</title><author><name>XING CHEN</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD, 21250</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name>LIWEI CHENG</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD, 21250</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name>DINGKAI GUO</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD, 21250</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choa, Fow Sen" uniqKey="Choa F">Fow-Sen Choa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD, 21250</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Worchesky, Terry" uniqKey="Worchesky T">Terry Worchesky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Baltimore, MD, 21250</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Jiun Yun" uniqKey="Li J">Jiun-Yun Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Princeton University</s1><s2>Princeton, NJ, 08544</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Princeton (New Jersey)</settlement><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Princeton</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="inist">11-0161068</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 11-0161068 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:11-0161068</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">003409</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Repository">003A24</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0277-786X</idno><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.</title><title level="j" type="main">Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering</title></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Gallium Arsenides</term><term>High temperature</term><term>Indium Arsenides</term><term>Output power</term><term>Photonics</term><term>Pulse width</term><term>Quantum cascade laser</term><term>Semiconductor lasers</term><term>Strains</term><term>Temperature effects</term><term>Ternary compounds</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Déformation mécanique</term><term>Laser semiconducteur</term><term>Laser cascade quantique</term><term>Haute température</term><term>Durée impulsion</term><term>Puissance sortie</term><term>Composé ternaire</term><term>Gallium Arséniure</term><term>Indium Arséniure</term><term>Effet température</term><term>As Ga In</term><term>InGaAs</term><term>0130C</term><term>42</term><term>4255P</term><term>Photonique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In this paper, quasi-continuous-wave (quasi-CW) operation of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is studied. A group of strain-balanced InGaAs/InAlAs QCLs emitting around λ∼4.8μm were used in the experiment. QCLs were tested at different driving conditions (i.e. pulsed mode, CW mode and quasi-CW mode) at various temperatures. Experimental measurements show that thermal effect plays an important role in deteriorating QCL performance. This is especially true at high temperatures. At low temperature (∼100K), L-I curves with different pulse widths exhibit no significant difference. While at a higher temperature (∼200K), we observed that the longer the pulse width, the lower the roll-over power and the worse the laser performance. At 100K, the roll-over power increases as duty cycle increases until it reaches CW operation, indicating that the thermal generation difference for quasi-CW mode and CW mode is negligible. At 200K, however, a maximum roll-over power is about 50mW at duty cycle of 65% corresponding to a CW roll-over power of 40mW. It reveals that at high temperature, quasi-CW operation generates less heat and more average output power. Therefore, quasi-CW operation is obviously a favorable way to achieve high performance operations at high temperature.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0277-786X</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>PSISDG</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>7750</s2></fA05><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Quasi-continuous-wave operations of quantum cascade lasers</s1></fA08><fA09 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Photonics North 2010 : 1-3 June 2010, Niagara Falls, Canada</s1></fA09><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>XING CHEN</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>LIWEI CHENG</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>DINGKAI GUO</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>CHOA (Fow-Sen)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>WORCHESKY (Terry)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>LI (Jiun-Yun)</s1></fA11><fA12 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SCHRIEMER (Henry P.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA12 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>KLEIMAN (Rafael N.)</s1><s9>ed.</s9></fA12><fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Maryland, Baltimore County</s1><s2>Baltimore, MD, 21250</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Princeton University</s1><s2>Princeton, NJ, 08544</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA18 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>Ontario Photonics Industry Network</s1><s3>CAN</s3><s9>org-cong.</s9></fA18><fA18 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>SPIE</s1><s3>USA</s3><s9>org-cong.</s9></fA18><fA20><s2>775012.1-775012.7</s2></fA20><fA21><s1>2010</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA25 i1="01"><s1>SPIE</s1><s2>Bellingham, Wash.</s2></fA25><fA26 i1="01"><s0>978-0-8194-8241-9</s0></fA26><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>21760</s2><s5>354000174727140370</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2011 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>4 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>11-0161068</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s2>C</s2></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>In this paper, quasi-continuous-wave (quasi-CW) operation of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) is studied. A group of strain-balanced InGaAs/InAlAs QCLs emitting around λ∼4.8μm were used in the experiment. QCLs were tested at different driving conditions (i.e. pulsed mode, CW mode and quasi-CW mode) at various temperatures. Experimental measurements show that thermal effect plays an important role in deteriorating QCL performance. This is especially true at high temperatures. At low temperature (∼100K), L-I curves with different pulse widths exhibit no significant difference. While at a higher temperature (∼200K), we observed that the longer the pulse width, the lower the roll-over power and the worse the laser performance. At 100K, the roll-over power increases as duty cycle increases until it reaches CW operation, indicating that the thermal generation difference for quasi-CW mode and CW mode is negligible. At 200K, however, a maximum roll-over power is about 50mW at duty cycle of 65% corresponding to a CW roll-over power of 40mW. It reveals that at high temperature, quasi-CW operation generates less heat and more average output power. 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